# Notice: this project will be deprecated and is succeeded by [videojs-http-streaming](https://github.com/videojs/http-streaming). VHS supports HLS and DASH and is built into video.js 7, see the [video.js 7 blog post](https://blog.videojs.com/video-js-7-is-here/) # video.js HLS Source Handler [![Build Status][travis-icon]][travis-link] [![Slack Status][slack-icon]][slack-link] [![Greenkeeper badge][greenkeeper-icon]][greenkeeper-link] Play back HLS with video.js, even where it's not natively supported. Maintenance Status: Deprecated **Table of Contents** *generated with [DocToc](https://github.com/thlorenz/doctoc)* - [Installation](#installation) - [NPM](#npm) - [CDN](#cdn) - [Releases](#releases) - [Manual Build](#manual-build) - [Contributing](#contributing) - [Talk to us](#talk-to-us) - [Getting Started](#getting-started) - [Video.js 6](#videojs-6) - [Documentation](#documentation) - [Options](#options) - [How to use](#how-to-use) - [Initialization](#initialization) - [Source](#source) - [List](#list) - [withCredentials](#withcredentials) - [useCueTags](#usecuetags) - [overrideNative](#overridenative) - [blacklistDuration](#blacklistduration) - [bandwidth](#bandwidth) - [enableLowInitialPlaylist](#enablelowinitialplaylist) - [Runtime Properties](#runtime-properties) - [hls.playlists.master](#hlsplaylistsmaster) - [hls.playlists.media](#hlsplaylistsmedia) - [hls.segmentXhrTime](#hlssegmentxhrtime) - [hls.bandwidth](#hlsbandwidth) - [hls.bytesReceived](#hlsbytesreceived) - [hls.selectPlaylist](#hlsselectplaylist) - [hls.representations](#hlsrepresentations) - [hls.xhr](#hlsxhr) - [Events](#events) - [loadedmetadata](#loadedmetadata) - [HLS Usage Events](#hls-usage-events) - [Presence Stats](#presence-stats) - [Use Stats](#use-stats) - [In-Band Metadata](#in-band-metadata) - [Segment Metadata](#segment-metadata) - [Hosting Considerations](#hosting-considerations) - [Known Issues](#known-issues) - [IE10 and Below](#ie10-and-below) - [Fragmented MP4 Support](#fragmented-mp4-support) - [Testing](#testing) - [Release History](#release-history) - [Building](#building) - [Development](#development) - [Tools](#tools) - [Commands](#commands) ## Installation ### NPM To install `videojs-contrib-hls` with npm run ```bash npm install --save videojs-contrib-hls ``` ### CDN Select a version of HLS from [cdnjs](https://cdnjs.com/libraries/videojs-contrib-hls) or [jsDelivr](https://www.jsdelivr.com/package/npm/videojs-contrib-hls) ### Releases Download a release of [videojs-contrib-hls](https://github.com/videojs/videojs-contrib-hls/releases) ### Manual Build Download a copy of this git repository and then follow the steps in [Building](#building) ## Contributing See [CONTRIBUTING.md](/CONTRIBUTING.md) ## Talk to us Drop by our slack channel (#playback) on the [Video.js slack][slack-link]. ## Getting Started Get a copy of [videojs-contrib-hls](#installation) and include it in your page along with video.js: ```html

``` Check out our [live example](http://jsbin.com/vokipos/8/edit?html,output) if you're having trouble. ### Video.js 6 With Video.js 6, by default there is no flash support. Instead, flash support is provided through the [videojs-flash](https://github.com/videojs/videojs-flash) plugin. If you are trying to use Video.js version 6 and want to include flash support, you must include [videojs-flash](https://github.com/videojs/videojs-flash) on your page before including videojs-contrib-hls ```html ``` Flash, and the [videojs-flash](https://github.com/videojs/videojs-flash) plugin, are not required, but are recommended as a fallback option for browsers that don't have a native HLS player or support for [Media Source Extensions](http://caniuse.com/#feat=mediasource). ## Documentation [HTTP Live Streaming](https://developer.apple.com/streaming/) (HLS) has become a de-facto standard for streaming video on mobile devices thanks to its native support on iOS and Android. There are a number of reasons independent of platform to recommend the format, though: - Supports (client-driven) adaptive bitrate selection - Delivered over standard HTTP ports - Simple, text-based manifest format - No proprietary streaming servers required Unfortunately, all the major desktop browsers except for Safari are missing HLS support. That leaves web developers in the unfortunate position of having to maintain alternate renditions of the same video and potentially having to forego HTML-based video entirely to provide the best desktop viewing experience. This project addresses that situation by providing a polyfill for HLS on browsers that have support for [Media Source Extensions](http://caniuse.com/#feat=mediasource), or failing that, support Flash. You can deploy a single HLS stream, code against the regular HTML5 video APIs, and create a fast, high-quality video experience across all the big web device categories. Check out the [full documentation](docs/) for details on how HLS works and advanced configuration. A description of the [adaptive switching behavior](docs/bitrate-switching.md) is available, too. videojs-contrib-hls supports a bunch of HLS features. Here are some highlights: - video-on-demand and live playback modes - backup or redundant streams - mid-segment quality switching - AES-128 segment encryption - CEA-608 captions are automatically translated into standard HTML5 [caption text tracks][0] - In-Manifest WebVTT subtitles are automatically translated into standard HTML5 subtitle tracks - Timed ID3 Metadata is automatically translated into HTML5 metedata text tracks - Highly customizable adaptive bitrate selection - Automatic bandwidth tracking - Cross-domain credentials support with CORS - Tight integration with video.js and a philosophy of exposing as much as possible with standard HTML APIs - Stream with multiple audio tracks and switching to those audio tracks (see the docs folder) for info - Media content in [fragmented MP4s](https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2016/504/) instead of the MPEG2-TS container format. [0]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/track ### Options #### How to use ##### Initialization You may pass in an options object to the hls source handler at player initialization. You can pass in options just like you would for other parts of video.js: ```javascript // html5 for html hls videojs(video, {html5: { hls: { withCredentials: true } }}); // or // flash for flash hls videojs(video, {flash: { hls: { withCredentials: true } }}); // or var options = {hls: { withCredentials: true }}; videojs(video, {flash: options, html5: options}); ``` ##### Source Some options, such as `withCredentials` can be passed in to hls during `player.src` ```javascript var player = videojs('some-video-id'); player.src({ src: 'https://d2zihajmogu5jn.cloudfront.net/bipbop-advanced/bipbop_16x9_variant.m3u8', type: 'application/x-mpegURL', withCredentials: true }); ``` #### List ##### withCredentials * Type: `boolean` * can be used as a source option * can be used as an initialization option When the `withCredentials` property is set to `true`, all XHR requests for manifests and segments would have `withCredentials` set to `true` as well. This enables storing and passing cookies from the server that the manifests and segments live on. This has some implications on CORS because when set, the `Access-Control-Allow-Origin` header cannot be set to `*`, also, the response headers require the addition of `Access-Control-Allow-Credentials` header which is set to `true`. See html5rocks's [article](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/cors/) for more info. ##### handleManifestRedirects * Type: `boolean` * Default: `false` * can be used as a source option * can be used as an initialization option When the `handleManifestRedirects` property is set to `true`, manifest requests which are redirected will have their URL updated to the new URL for future requests. ##### useCueTags * Type: `boolean` * can be used as an initialization option When the `useCueTags` property is set to `true,` a text track is created with label 'ad-cues' and kind 'metadata'. The track is then added to `player.textTracks()`. Changes in active cue may be tracked by following the Video.js cue points API for text tracks. For example: ```javascript let textTracks = player.textTracks(); let cuesTrack; for (let i = 0; i < textTracks.length; i++) { if (textTracks[i].label === 'ad-cues') { cuesTrack = textTracks[i]; } } cuesTrack.addEventListener('cuechange', function() { let activeCues = cuesTrack.activeCues; for (let i = 0; i < activeCues.length; i++) { let activeCue = activeCues[i]; console.log('Cue runs from ' + activeCue.startTime + ' to ' + activeCue.endTime); } }); ``` ##### overrideNative * Type: `boolean` * can be used as an initialization option Try to use videojs-contrib-hls even on platforms that provide some level of HLS support natively. There are a number of platforms that *technically* play back HLS content but aren't very reliable or are missing features like CEA-608 captions support. When `overrideNative` is true, if the platform supports Media Source Extensions videojs-contrib-hls will take over HLS playback to provide a more consistent experience. __NOTE__: If you use this option, you must also set `videojs.options.html5.nativeAudioTracks` and `videojs.options.html5.nativeVideoTracks` to `false`. videojs-contrib-hls relies on audio and video tracks to play streams with alternate audio and requires additional capabilities only supported by non-native tracks in video.js. ##### blacklistDuration * Type: `number` * can be used as an initialization option When the `blacklistDuration` property is set to a time duration in seconds, if a playlist is blacklisted, it will be blacklisted for a period of that customized duration. This enables the blacklist duration to be configured by the user. ##### bandwidth * Type: `number` * can be used as an initialization option When the `bandwidth` property is set (bits per second), it will be used in the calculation for initial playlist selection, before more bandwidth information is seen by the player. ##### enableLowInitialPlaylist * Type: `boolean` * can be used as an initialization option When `enableLowInitialPlaylist` is set to true, it will be used to select the lowest bitrate playlist initially. This helps to decrease playback start time. This setting is `false` by default. ### Runtime Properties Runtime properties are attached to the tech object when HLS is in use. You can get a reference to the HLS source handler like this: ```javascript var hls = player.tech({ IWillNotUseThisInPlugins: true }).hls; ``` If you *were* thinking about modifying runtime properties in a video.js plugin, we'd recommend you avoid it. Your plugin won't work with videos that don't use videojs-contrib-hls and the best plugins work across all the media types that video.js supports. If you're deploying videojs-contrib-hls on your own website and want to make a couple tweaks though, go for it! #### hls.playlists.master Type: `object` An object representing the parsed master playlist. If a media playlist is loaded directly, a master playlist with only one entry will be created. #### hls.playlists.media Type: `function` A function that can be used to retrieve or modify the currently active media playlist. The active media playlist is referred to when additional video data needs to be downloaded. Calling this function with no arguments returns the parsed playlist object for the active media playlist. Calling this function with a playlist object from the master playlist or a URI string as specified in the master playlist will kick off an asynchronous load of the specified media playlist. Once it has been retreived, it will become the active media playlist. #### hls.segmentXhrTime Type: `number` The number of milliseconds it took to download the last media segment. This value is updated after each segment download completes. #### hls.bandwidth Type: `number` The number of bits downloaded per second in the last segment download. This value is used by the default implementation of `selectPlaylist` to select an appropriate bitrate to play. Before the first video segment has been downloaded, it's hard to estimate bandwidth accurately. The HLS tech uses a heuristic based on the playlist download times to do this estimation by default. If you have a more accurate source of bandwidth information, you can override this value as soon as the HLS tech has loaded to provide an initial bandwidth estimate. #### hls.bytesReceived Type: `number` The total number of content bytes downloaded by the HLS tech. #### hls.selectPlaylist Type: `function` A function that returns the media playlist object to use to download the next segment. It is invoked by the tech immediately before a new segment is downloaded. You can override this function to provide your adaptive streaming logic. You must, however, be sure to return a valid media playlist object that is present in `player.hls.master`. Overridding this function with your own is very powerful but is overkill for many purposes. Most of the time, you should use the much simpler function below to selectively enable or disable a playlist from the adaptive streaming logic. #### hls.representations Type: `function` It is recommended to include the [videojs-contrib-quality-levels](https://github.com/videojs/videojs-contrib-quality-levels) plugin to your page so that videojs-contrib-hls will automatically populate the QualityLevelList exposed on the player by the plugin. You can access this list by calling `player.qualityLevels()`. See the [videojs-contrib-quality-levels project page](https://github.com/videojs/videojs-contrib-quality-levels) for more information on how to use the api. Example, only enabling representations with a width greater than or equal to 720: ```javascript var qualityLevels = player.qualityLevels(); for (var i = 0; i < qualityLevels.length; i++) { var quality = qualityLevels[i]; if (quality.width >= 720) { quality.enabled = true; } else { quality.enabled = false; } } ``` If including [videojs-contrib-quality-levels](https://github.com/videojs/videojs-contrib-quality-levels) is not an option, you can use the representations api. To get all of the available representations, call the `representations()` method on `player.hls`. This will return a list of plain objects, each with `width`, `height`, `bandwidth`, and `id` properties, and an `enabled()` method. ```javascript player.hls.representations(); ``` To see whether the representation is enabled or disabled, call its `enabled()` method with no arguments. To set whether it is enabled/disabled, call its `enabled()` method and pass in a boolean value. Calling `.enabled(true)` will allow the adaptive bitrate algorithm to select the representation while calling `.enabled(false)` will disallow any selection of that representation. Example, only enabling representations with a width greater than or equal to 720: ```javascript player.hls.representations().forEach(function(rep) { if (rep.width >= 720) { rep.enabled(true); } else { rep.enabled(false); } }); ``` #### hls.xhr Type: `function` The xhr function that is used by HLS internally is exposed on the per- player `hls` object. While it is possible, we do not recommend replacing the function with your own implementation. Instead, the `xhr` provides the ability to specify a `beforeRequest` function that will be called with an object containing the options that will be used to create the xhr request. Example: ```javascript player.hls.xhr.beforeRequest = function(options) { options.uri = options.uri.replace('example.com', 'foo.com'); return options; }; ``` The global `videojs.Hls` also exposes an `xhr` property. Specifying a `beforeRequest` function on that will allow you to intercept the options for *all* requests in every player on a page. For consistency across browsers the video source should be set at runtime once the video player is ready. Example ```javascript videojs.Hls.xhr.beforeRequest = function(options) { /* * Modifications to requests that will affect every player. */ return options; }; var player = videojs('video-player-id'); player.ready(function() { this.src({ src: 'https://d2zihajmogu5jn.cloudfront.net/bipbop-advanced/bipbop_16x9_variant.m3u8', type: 'application/x-mpegURL', }); }); ``` For information on the type of options that you can modify see the documentation at [https://github.com/Raynos/xhr](https://github.com/Raynos/xhr). ### Events Standard HTML video events are handled by video.js automatically and are triggered on the player object. #### loadedmetadata Fired after the first segment is downloaded for a playlist. This will not happen until playback if video.js's `metadata` setting is `none` ### HLS Usage Events Usage tracking events are fired when we detect a certain HLS feature, encoding setting, or API is used. These can be helpful for analytics, and to pinpoint the cause of HLS errors. For instance, if errors are being fired in tandem with a usage event indicating that the player was playing an AES encrypted stream, then we have a possible avenue to explore when debugging the error. Note that although these usage events are listed below, they may change at any time without a major version change. HLS usage events are triggered on the tech with the exception of the 3 hls-reload-error events, which are triggered on the player. #### Presence Stats Each of the following usage events are fired once per source if (and when) detected: | Name | Description | | ------------- | ------------- | | hls-webvtt | master manifest has at least one segmented WebVTT playlist | | hls-aes | a playlist is AES encrypted | | hls-fmp4 | a playlist used fMP4 segments | | hls-demuxed | audio and video are demuxed by default | | hls-alternate-audio | alternate audio available in the master manifest | | hls-playlist-cue-tags | a playlist used cue tags (see useCueTags(#usecuetags) for details) | #### Use Stats Each of the following usage events are fired per use: | Name | Description | | ------------- | ------------- | | hls-gap-skip | player skipped a gap in the buffer | | hls-player-access | player.hls was accessed | | hls-audio-change | a user selected an alternate audio stream | | hls-rendition-disabled | a rendition was disabled | | hls-rendition-enabled | a rendition was enabled | | hls-rendition-blacklisted | a rendition was blacklisted | | hls-timestamp-offset | a timestamp offset was set in HLS (can identify discontinuities) | | hls-unknown-waiting | the player stopped for an unknown reason and we seeked to current time try to address it | | hls-live-resync | playback fell off the back of a live playlist and we resynced to the live point | | hls-video-underflow | we seeked to current time to address video underflow | | hls-error-reload-initialized | the reloadSourceOnError plugin was initialized | | hls-error-reload | the reloadSourceOnError plugin reloaded a source | | hls-error-reload-canceled | an error occurred too soon after the last reload, so we didn't reload again (to prevent error loops) | ### In-Band Metadata The HLS tech supports [timed metadata](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/AudioVideo/Conceptual/HTTP_Live_Streaming_Metadata_Spec/Introduction/Introduction.html) embedded as [ID3 tags](http://id3.org/id3v2.3.0). When a stream is encountered with embedded metadata, an [in-band metadata text track](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/embedded-content.html#text-track-in-band-metadata-track-dispatch-type) will automatically be created and populated with cues as they are encountered in the stream. UTF-8 encoded [TXXX](http://id3.org/id3v2.3.0#User_defined_text_information_frame) and [WXXX](http://id3.org/id3v2.3.0#User_defined_URL_link_frame) ID3 frames are mapped to cue points and their values set as the cue text. Cues are created for all other frame types and the data is attached to the generated cue: ```javascript cue.value.data ``` There are lots of guides and references to using text tracks [around the web](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/track/basics/). ### Segment Metadata You can get metadata about the segments currently in the buffer by using the `segment-metadata` text track. You can get the metadata of the currently rendered segment by looking at the track's `activeCues` array. The metadata will be attached to the `cue.value` property and will have this structure ```javascript cue.value = { byteLength, // The size of the segment in bytes bandwidth, // The peak bitrate reported by the segment's playlist resolution, // The resolution reported by the segment's playlist codecs, // The codecs reported by the segment's playlist uri, // The Segment uri timeline, // Timeline of the segment for detecting discontinuities playlist, // The Playlist uri start, // Segment start time end // Segment end time }; ``` Example: Detect when a change in quality is rendered on screen ```javascript let tracks = player.textTracks(); let segmentMetadataTrack; for (let i = 0; i < tracks.length; i++) { if (tracks[i].label === 'segment-metadata') { segmentMetadataTrack = tracks[i]; } } let previousPlaylist; if (segmentMetadataTrack) { segmentMetadataTrack.on('cuechange', function() { let activeCue = segmentMetadataTrack.activeCues[0]; if (activeCue) { if (previousPlaylist !== activeCue.value.playlist) { console.log('Switched from rendition ' + previousPlaylist + ' to rendition ' + activeCue.value.playlist); } previousPlaylist = activeCue.value.playlist; } }); } ``` ## Hosting Considerations Unlike a native HLS implementation, the HLS tech has to comply with the browser's security policies. That means that all the files that make up the stream must be served from the same domain as the page hosting the video player or from a server that has appropriate [CORS headers](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/HTTP/Access_control_CORS) configured. Easy [instructions are available](http://enable-cors.org/server.html) for popular webservers and most CDNs should have no trouble turning CORS on for your account. ## Known Issues Issues that are currenty know about with workarounds. If you want to help find a solution that would be appreciated! ### IE10 and Below As of version 5.0.0, IE10 and below are no longer supported. ### Fragmented MP4 Support Edge has native support for HLS but only in the MPEG2-TS container. If you attempt to play an HLS stream with fragmented MP4 segments, Edge will stall. Fragmented MP4s are only supported on browser that have [Media Source Extensions](http://caniuse.com/#feat=mediasource) available. ### Testing For testing, you run `npm run test`. This will run tests using any of the browsers that karma-detect-browsers detects on your machine. ## Release History Check out the [changelog](CHANGELOG.md) for a summary of each release. ## Building To build a copy of videojs-contrib-hls run the following commands ```bash git clone https://github.com/videojs/videojs-contrib-hls cd videojs-contrib-hls npm i npm run build ``` videojs-contrib-hls will have created all of the files for using it in a dist folder ## Development ### Tools * Download stream locally with the [HLS Fetcher](https://github.com/imbcmdth/hls-fetcher) * Simulate errors with [Murphy](https://github.com/mrocajr/murphy) ### Commands All commands for development are listed in the `package.json` file and are run using ```bash npm run ``` [slack-icon]: http://slack.videojs.com/badge.svg [slack-link]: http://slack.videojs.com [travis-icon]: https://travis-ci.org/videojs/videojs-contrib-hls.svg?branch=master [travis-link]: https://travis-ci.org/videojs/videojs-contrib-hls [greenkeeper-icon]: https://badges.greenkeeper.io/videojs/videojs-contrib-hls.svg [greenkeeper-link]: https://greenkeeper.io/